“‘open’ AI is focused on the less computationally expensive task of fine-tuning models openly released by the few powerful actors who can afford to train them from scratch. Fine-tuning allows third parties to take a previously trained model and tweak it for use in a particular context or domain.82 This is not the same as creating the capacity to build an AI model from scratch: a critical distinction, given that the process of creating from scratch involves many highly important editorial decisions that fundamentally shape the model.” (Widder et al., 2023, p. 12)